Chilean Farmer Finds 'Chupacabra'; Probably Cat Mummy

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Task 1

1. (noun) a disease affecting animals in which their skin becomes itchy and they start to lose fur.
2. (verb) to preserve a dead body by treating it with special oils and wrapping it in long narrow pieces of cloth to prevent it from decaying
3. (noun) a small animal with a black and white face and a long tail that lives mainly in North and Central America
4.  (adj) not explained or understood
5. (noun) someone who has seen something happen, especially a crime or an accident

Task 2

1. Who has a goat farmer found in Chile?
2. When was the "chupacabra" reported?
3. Whom actually turned the chupacabra out to be in Texas?
4. What does this creature do with small animals?
5. What purposes is the word "chupacabra" used nowadays for?

Task. Read the text. There is a gap in sentences. Try to make a word to fit into the gap using the word. You may need the opposite, or an adjective, or adverb, so read text carefully.

Broken Record: 2014 Was Hottest Year

The final numbers are in: 2014 is officially the _______ year on record in the past 135 years, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced Friday.	HOT
The record does not come as a surprise as it’s another marker of the sustained ______________ of heat in the atmosphere thanks to the unabated emissions of greenhouses gases such as carbon dioxide.	ACCUMULATE
Nine of the 10 _______ years on record have all occurred in the 21st century, with the exception of the blockbuster El Nino year of 1998. It also marks 38 straight years of above-average global annual temperatures.	WARM
Limiting Tar Sands, Arctic Oil Is Key To 2 Degree C Goal A Climate Central analysis shows that the 13 hottest years on record have all occurred since 2000 and that the odds of that _________ randomly without the boost of global warming is 1 in 27 million.	HAPPEN
According to NOAA, the average global temperature for 2014 was 1.24°F above the 20th century average of 57°F. The year, capped off by a record warm December __________ the previous record holders, 2005 and 2010, by 0.07°F.	SURPASS
_______ numbers confirm the ranking by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) made earlier this month. Including December, there were seven months in 2014 that set or tied record warmth.	THAT
Seventeen U.S. Cities On Track for Hottest Year The lack of any record cold years since 1911 is another sign of the long-term global warming trend. Over that same period, 19 records for hottest year, including 2014, have been set, _________ to a Climate Central analysis. There are small differences in the way various agencies handle global temperature data, yielding sometimes different rankings for particular months and years. But for 2014, there is broad agreement on the ranking, and for all agencies, nine of the 10 warmest years on record have all occurred since 2000.	ACCORD
'Atmospheric Rivers' to Soak N. Calif. As Climate Warms While unusual warmth was spread across certain land regions this year, ___________ the Russian Far East, the U.S. West, and parts of Australia, it was the warmth of the oceans that really stood out. Sea surface temperatures for the planet were a record 1.03°F above the 20th century average, surpassing 2003 and 1998 (when an extreme El Nino boosted ocean heat) by 0.09°F. Every ocean basin had some part of it with record warmth, said Thomas Karl, director of NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center.	PARTICULAR
How 2015 will shape up is, of course, _________, but that ocean heat will play a role, as water responds much more slowly to changes in heat than land.	CERTAIN
So even if there is an event like a volcano eruption that could cause cooling, that ocean heat isn’t __________ to dissipate anytime soon. “So that gives some added energy for 2015,” Karl said.	LIKE

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The Formal Letter to editor

Christian Jarrett

BBC News.

November 25, 2014.

Dear Mrs Jarrett,

I am writing to ask for more information about your article: "Psychology: How many senses do we have?" which published on the 19 of November in 2014. 

Firstly, I would like to know more about proprioception. Could you tell me more about how scientists find these senses.

Secondly, could you give me more exact information about numerous senses, such as hunger and thirst, inner body pain, and the need to empty the bladder or bowel. I have read that sometimes people just contrive a different illness.

Finally, I would like to know how scientists prove these senses. What were experiences? 

Thank you for your time and consideration. 

Your sincerely, 

Elizabeth Mishkova.

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Are traditions important?

Are traditions important? 

If we don't have traditions, life would be boring. Tradition has to be passed on from older people to younger people. 

For example, traditions need to unite family. Traditions are different - for some, a joint breakfast, for others - a trip, for third- a special board game, for the fourth- business holiday.

When your family has a tradition - it makes your family exceptional. Family has something special. Something in that devoted only selected, namely family members, young and old. Thus in the family creates a special energy, a special mood - everyone feels that they belong to this family. This family is always more united, friendly and warm tuned to each other. Tradition usually involves the joint action - preparing for the holiday or a trip somewhere. 

Traditions are important because they contain our best knowledge collected over the years. From family traditions emanates comfort, joy and pleasure.

Biotechnology

Junk DNA: Not So Junk After All!

Sep 23, 2012 By Deepa Gopal

Courtesy The Telegraph

Have you heard people say "Oh, it's all in the genes!" They may be referring to physical traits such as your eye color that you have inherited from one of your parents or grandparents. Genes, as you know, are passed down from one generation to next, and influence how we look, act and even the diseases we may be prone to.
When the human genome -- the entire genetic sequence that makes us what we are, was mapped out in 2001, it generated a lot of excitement (read our previous article here). We now knew exactly which genes controlled what features, and where these genes were located on the thread-like structures called chromosomes inside our body cells. Sounds great, doesn't it..
.. but there was a dilemma

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; Gene Chromosome = Genome

You see, scientists had identified 21,000 genes that make up our entire genetic sequence. These genes produce enzymes and proteins that keep our body functioning. However, chromosomes have tons of DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) which are not part of the active genes. We had only understood 3% of all the DNA in the human genome. What was the purpose of the 97% of unused DNA? Scientists had no logical explanation and they called it Junk DNA.
The ENCODE project, led by 400 scientists from all over the world, has been trying to shed light on this junk DNA. Recently they announced a breakthrough. These seemingly unused DNA are actually the main control centers (or switches) that control how our genes work. Scientists have discovered 4 million such gene switches in the junk DNA, which decide which genes to turn on in which cells, and how much protein and enzymes the genes should produce.
Why is this important?
We can finally explain how cells that look the same to start out with in an embryo, change to become liver cells or brain cells? Groups of gene switches work together to turn on the appropriate genes.
The biggest implication of this breakthrough is in our understanding of diseases. When scientists compared the genome of a healthy person with that of a person with say Type 2 diabetes, there were some differences in an unused section of the chromosome that was located far from the gene under question. Now, they know that these unused sections are the switches that might be disrupting the gene's normal behavior.
There is still a lot more that needs to be understood before we can find a cure for diseases. How do these switches work? How many switches control a single gene? Can the switches be altered to treat a disease? It is an exciting time to be in medical research - if you love biology!

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Task 1. Read the article and choice True, False or No information.

1.  Many people thought that DNA was too simple to explain the vast diversity of life on our planet.
2. Genes influence how we look, act and even the diseases we may be prone to.
3. Chromosomes have tons of DNA which are part of the active genes.
4. Today DNA is used is understand and cure inherited diseases, create genetically-engineered medicines.
5. Scientists had identified 21,000 genes that make up our entire genetic sequence.
6. Scientists had understood 97% of DNA.
7. Scientists called unused DNA "Junk DNA".
8. DNA had only different amounts of the four bases (A,C,T,G).
9. Junk DNA are actually the main control centers that control how our genes work.
10. Groups of gene switches work together to turn on the appropriate genes.

A Summary

"Skype: more important than it looks"

The article was published in Science and Technology on the 3rd of October in 2012 by Jennifer O'Hagan.
The article headlined "Skype: more important than it looks".

The article is about skype and how people use them. The author starts by telling that she has in her computer dekstop some programmes that don't need. But Jennifer wrote that she download skype "S". She told that Skype good programme, because she can talk with her family when she is abroad.


In my opinion, Skype is good programme, when you have friends,who live abroad. You can talk long time and it is free.